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Legislative elections were held in Macau on 20 September 2009. The official campaign began on 5 September, and several candidates received warnings from the Electoral Affairs Commission for having begun campaign activities beforehand. As in 2005, there are 29 seats, only 12 of which are elected by universal suffrage under the highest averages method. The rest are "elected" by the functional "constituencies" or appointed by the Chief Executive. == The pro-democracy lists == This year, there are four lists advocating universal suffrage and political reforms. In both 2001 and 2005, the New Democratic Macau Association, also referred as the democrats by local media, received the highest number of votes. Due to the divisors (1,2,4,8,...) employed in the highest averages method, they only managed to win 2 seats on both occasions (they would have achieved 3 seats had the d'Hondt formula been used instead). Because of this, they split into two lists, namely Associação de Próspero Macau Democrático (APMD) and Associação Novo Macau Democrático (ANMD), contesting the election with the same manifesto.〔http://www.hojemacau.com/news.phtml?id=35289&type=politics&today=07-07-2009〕〔http://pontofinalmacau.wordpress.com/2009/07/07/duas-listas-objectivos-unicos/〕〔http://www.jtm.com.mo/view.asp?dT=320503001〕 Similar strategies have been used by the Democratic Party of Hong Kong in the Hong Kong legislative elections, with mixed successes. APMD is led by Antonio Ng while Au Kam San leads ANMD, which means both lists have outgoing deputies (deputados) as their leading candidates. The democrats campaign for one man one vote for the CE in 2014 (with nominations from the 300-member election committee) and direct election with public nominations in 2019. For the AL, they suggest abolishing all indirectly elected seats in 2013 and the end of appointed seats by the CE in 2017.〔http://macaulogia.blogspot.com/2007/07/anmd-prope-sufrgio-universal-com.html〕〔http://www.hojemacau.com/news.phtml?id=36329&today=10-09-2009&type=politics〕 Agnes Lam, a local writer and an assistant professor of the University of Macau, leads the newly formed Observatório Cívico campaigning for direct election for the chief executive (CE) in 2019 and a directly elected legislative assembly (AL) by 2023.〔http://www.hojemacau.com/news.phtml?id=35368&today=13-07-2009&type=politics〕 In addition to universal suffrage, Observatório Cívico also campaigns for reforming the electoral system by introducing multiple votes.〔http://www.agnesmacau.net/agnes/index.php/english〕 She has also spoken against self-censorship in the local media and emphasised the importance of freedom of press.〔http://poyileung.wordpress.com/2009/06/03/agnes-lam-macau-needs-more-independent-media/〕 Some have questioned her pro-democracy views, with her being vice president of the pro-Beijing Macao Youth Foundation.〔http://www.inmediahk.net/node/1004607〕 Associação de Activismo para a Democracia, the most radical list of the four, concentrates on campaigning for universal suffrage for both CE and AL by 2019, but is less concerned about other issues.〔http://www.hojemacau.com/news.phtml?id=36323&today=10-09-2009&type=politics〕 Their leading candidates were removed by the security during a CCAC (Comissariado Contra a Corrupção) rally for "clean election", which was represented by all 16 lists, after shouting slogans on stage.〔http://www.jtm.com.mo/view.asp?dT=325903008〕 They only received 654 votes (0.52%) in 2005. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Macanese legislative election, 2009」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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